Spin-Dependent 5th Force Limits
This is an open research software and data platform for compiling, standardizing, and visualizing constraints on spin-dependent exotic interactions beyond the Standard Model. It provides a unified, reusable, and citable framework for comparing results across experiments and parameter spaces.
Cite this software
Description
Dataset Instruction
Overview
This repository provides a standardized, continuously updated research software platform for collecting, analyzing, and visualizing experimental constraints on spin-dependent exotic interactions (also known as the spin-dependent fifth force, SDFF).
The platform integrates a curated dataset of experimental limits with an interactive visualization and comparison tool, enabling researchers to:
- Access and compare constraints across different experiments and interaction types
- Generate exclusion plots in a unified and consistent framework
- Benchmark new theoretical models or experimental results against existing bounds
- Contribute and update data as part of a growing community resource
The SDFF arises from the exchange of a hypothetical boson of mass M between fermions X and Y, representing a possible extension beyond the four fundamental forces. Unlike conventional forces, SDFF depends explicitly on the spin degrees of freedom, analogous in some aspects to magnetic interactions.
We categorize interactions into the following types:
- Axial-vector/vector, axial-vector/axial-vector, vector/vector.
- Pseudoscalar/scalar, pseudoscalar/pseudoscalar, scalar/scalar.
- Tensor/tensor, pseudotensor/tensor, and pseudotensor/pseudotensor.
For notation and operator definitions, see the RMP review: Spin-Dependent Exotic Interactions.
Role as a Community Research Tool
This project is designed as a community-driven scientific software platform, rather than a static dataset. It serves as a reference infrastructure for the field, accompanying recent review work and supporting ongoing theoretical and experimental studies.
The software is actively used within our collaboration and is intended for broader adoption by the community.
For contributions or to include your new results, please feel free to contact Dr. Lei Cong (congllzu@gmail.com), Dr. Wei Ji (weiji001@uni-mainz.de), or Prof. Dmitry Budker (budker@uni-mainz.de).
Citation
Participating organisations
Reference papers
Mentions
- 1.Author(s): Deniz Aybas, Hendrik Bekker, Dmitry Budker, Wei Ji, On Kim, Younggeun Kim, Derek F. Jackson Kimball, Jia Liu, Xiaolin Ma, Chiara P. Salemi, Yannis K. Semertzidis, Alexander O. Sushkov, Kai Wei, Arne Wickenbrock, Yuzhe ZhangPublished in 202610.3390/universe12040106
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- 3.Author(s): Qian Wang, Rui Luo, Pengshun LuoPublished in 202610.1103/wp4k-xn53
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- 13.Author(s): Xing Heng, Zitong Xu, Xiaofei Huang, Dinghui Gong, Guoqing Tian, Wei Ji, Jiancheng Fang, Dmitry Budker, Kai WeiPublished in 202510.1073/pnas.2512538122
- 14.Author(s): Rundong Fang, Ji-Heng Guo, Jia Liu, Xiao-Ping WangPublished in 202510.1103/r9p5-fxzb
- 15.Author(s): Runqi Kang, Xing RongPublished in 202510.1103/ztn5-bg2y
- 16.Author(s): Sami S. Khamis, Ibrahim A. Sulai, Paul Hamilton, S. Afach, B. C. Buchler, D. Budker, N. L. Figueroa, R. Folman, D. Gavilán-Martín, M. Givon, Z. D. Grujić, H. Guo, M. P. Hedges, D. F. Jackson Kimball, D. Kim, E. Klinger, T. Kornack, A. Kryemadhi, N. Kukowski, G. Łukasiewicz, H. Masia-Roig, M. Padniuk, C. A. Palm, S. Y. Park, X. Peng, M. Pospelov, S. Pustelny, Y. Rosenzweig, O. M. Ruimi, P. C. Segura, T. Scholtes, Y. K. Semertzidis, Y. C. Shin, J. E. Stalnaker, D. Tandon, A. Weis, A. Wickenbrock, T. Z. Wilson, T. Wu, J. Zhang, Y. ZhaoPublished in 202510.1103/fsc8-6sl5
- 17.Author(s): Jin-Bao Wang, Zhi-Hui Guo, Hai-Qing ZhouPublished in 202510.1103/xsvj-g811
- 18.Author(s): Yuanji Sheng, Yingchun Leng, Kenan Tian, Rui Li, Yiming Chen, Dingjiang Long, Siwen Chen, Xuan He, Peiran YinPublished in 202510.1103/fnhb-bzqr
- 19.Author(s): Hongkai Liu, Ben Ohayon, Omer Shtaif, Yotam SoreqPublished in 202510.1103/ndfg-42w7
- 20.Author(s): Chen Jin, Ren-Peng Li, Lin Zhu, Qi Liu, Pengshun Luo, Shan-Qing Yang, Cheng-Gang ShaoPublished in 202510.1103/zqy9-tbqs
- 21.Author(s): X P Geng, B Zhong, Z H ZhangPublished in 202510.1088/1361-6471/ae1cd7
- 22.Author(s): Jing Dong, W. T. He, S.-D. Zou, D. L. Zhou, Qing AiPublished in 202510.1103/nrww-mbk1
- 23.Author(s): Akio KawasakiPublished in 202510.1063/5.0273813